Autism

Maria Hernandez – Reinforcing Houston Student Intern (Spring 2025) 
 
What is Autism?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. The term "spectrum" reflects the wide range of experiences among individuals with autism – some may require significant support in daily living, while others live independently and excel in various fields.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), autism is characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These traits must be present in early childhood and significantly impact daily functioning.(1)
Interesting Facts About Autism

• Autism is one of the most heritable neurodevelopmental conditions, with genetics playing a significant role.(5)
• The term "autism" was first coined in 1911 by psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler but was not classified as a distinct condition until the 1940s.
• Albert Einstein, Sir Isaac Newton, and Nikola Tesla are speculated to have been on the autism spectrum due to their unique cognitive abilities and social tendencies.
• Approximately 1 in 36 children in the U.S. is diagnosed with autism, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.(2)
• Autism is not a disease—it is a different way of experiencing and interacting with the world.

How is Autism Diagnosed?
Autism is diagnosed through a combination of behavioral observations, developmental screenings, and standardized assessments. Healthcare professionals, including developmental pediatricians, psychologists, and neurologists, use tools such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) to evaluate symptoms. Early diagnosis, ideally before the age of three, can lead to early intervention and better support for development.(2)
Common Misconceptions About Autism
Misinformation about autism remains widespread. Here are some common myths:
Myth: Autism is caused by vaccines.
Fact: Autism is largely influenced by genetics and prenatal environmental factors.(2) 
Myth: All people on the autism spectrum have intellectual disabilities.
Fact: Autism affects individuals differently. Some may have intellectual disabilities, while others have average or above-average intelligence. Many individuals diagnosed with autism are highly skilled in specific areas.(5) 
Myth: People with autism lack empathy. 
Fact: Many individuals on the autism spectrum experience deep emotions and empathy, but may express them differently than neurotypical individuals. Communication styles vary, but that does not mean a lack of care or understanding.(4)   
Barriers to Autism Support in Communities of Color
Communities of color often face additional barriers to an accurate autism diagnosis and treatment due to misconceptions, stigma, and lack of resources. Many BIPOC families may dismiss symptoms due to cultural beliefs or misinformation, leading to delayed diagnosis and intervention. Additionally, systemic biases in healthcare result in underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of autism in Black, Hispanic, and Indigenous children, preventing them from receiving necessary support.(3)
The Correlation Between Mental Health and Autism
Many autistic individuals experience co-occurring mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Studies indicate approximately 70-80% of children and adults with autism have experienced mental health problems.(4) 
This high prevalence underscores the importance of comprehensive mental health support for the autistic community.
​How Therapy and Counseling Benefit Autistic Individuals
Mental health therapy can provide:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help with anxiety and emotional regulation.
• Mindfulness and coping strategies to manage sensory overload and social stress.
• Support for families in understanding and advocating for loved ones on the spectrum.

Resources for Autism Support
There are several national and local organizations that provide resources, advocacy, and direct support for individuals with autism and their families:

• Autism Speaks (www.autismspeaks.org)
  
• The Autism Society (www.autismsociety.org)
• National Autism Association (www.nationalautismassociation.org)

Houston-Area Autism Support Organizations
Several organizations in the Houston, Fort Bend, and Montgomery counties provide services and support for those diagnosed with autism, including:

• The Westview School (www.westviewschool.org) - A school dedicated to children on the autism spectrum.
• Autism Rescue Angels (www.autismrescueangels.org) - Provides financial aid and resources for families in the autism community.
• Avondale House (www.avondalehouse.org) - Offers specialized education and residential services for autistic individuals.

Policy and Advocacy: The Autism CARES Act
At the federal level, there are ongoing discussions about increasing autism funding, expanding Medicaid services, and improving special education resources. Policies such as the Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education, and Support (CARES) Act provide funding for autism research and services, but advocates continue to push for more equitable healthcare access and employment opportunities for autistic individuals.(6)
Understanding Autism and the Importance of Autism Awareness Month
April is Autism Awareness Month, a time dedicated to increasing understanding and acceptance of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The month serves as an opportunity to educate communities, advocate for inclusivity, and celebrate the strengths of individuals on the autism spectrum. While awareness is essential, many in the autistic community emphasize that true progress comes with acceptance and meaningful action.
Moving from Awareness to Acceptance
Autism Awareness Month is an important reminder to educate and advocate, but the real goal is year-round acceptance and action. By embracing neurodiversity, fostering inclusion, and supporting autistic individuals in meaningful ways, we can create a society that truly values all minds. Let us move beyond awareness and work toward a world where autistic individuals are celebrated for who they are.
#AutismAcceptanceMonth #Neurodiversity

​References
(1) American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
(2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, March 23). Data & statistics on autism spectrum disorder. https://www.cdc.gov/autism/data-research/index.html
(3) Durkin, M. S., Maenner, M. J., Meaney, F. J., Levy, S. E., DiGuiseppi, C., Nicholas, J. S., & Kirby, R. S. (2017). Socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from a U.S. cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 12(11), e0187936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187936
(4) National Autistic Society. (2023). Mental health and autism: A guide for professionals. https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/professional-practice/mental-health-young
(5) National Institute of Mental Health. (2022). Autism spectrum disorder.
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd
(6) U.S. Congress. (2024). Autism CARES Act of 2024. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/COMPS-17893